Gdańsk or Danzig?



The Gdansk Coat of Arms

Polish  are sensitive about Gdansk being referred to as Danzig but unfortunately this is the name better known by foreigners. It has been always a sensitive issue and I believe that German citizens of Gdańsk do not like its Polish name either. The thing is that the town was ruled by both of the nations for a considerable time.

The town was funded by the first Polish king Mieszko I in 980s. In the early times Gdansk changed hands frequently from Polish Dukes to Pomeralians.  From 1308 till 1454 Gdansk was a part of Teutonic Knights State. Only from 1454 Gdansk became a part of Polish Kingdom and for a considerable time, till 1793 when Poland was partitioned between Prussia, Russia and Austria and disappeared from the map of Europe for a long while. By that time Gdansk citizens were mixed nation, equally of Polish and German background. Both of the languages were used in the town.

After the First World  Gdansk became a free city in 1920.

Following Germany's defeat in World War I, the Allied powers in the Treaty of Versailles (1919) decided to create the Free City of Danzig (under a commissioner appointed by the League of Nations) covering the city itself, the seaport, and a substantial surrounding territory. The League of Nations rejected the citizens' petition to have their city officially named as the Free Hanseatic city of Danzig (Freie Hansestadt Danzig).^[41] The citizens of Danzig received a separate citizenship of the Free City and thus lost their former German citizenship.

This lasted till 1939. For Poland the World War II started in Gdansk, the 1^st of September 1939. And again Gdansk fell into German hands. From 1945 is again a part of the Polish Republic.  One consequence of Gdansk changing hands is a change of all streets names from German to Polish.

My imperfect calculations point to Gdansk being under Teutonic, Prussian or German ruling for about the same time as under Polish. About 300 years each off  and on.

Over the ages some world famous people were born in Gdansk. Among others: Hevelius – astronomer and the founder of lunar topology, Daniel Fahrenheit – father of the temperature scale; Arthur Schopenhauer – philosopher. None of those people are thought as having Polish origin. They were not. At the same time all of them were born in the period when Gdansk was under Polish ruling. This shows the nature of the city, both nations can claim the towns as theirs. This is why we, Poles are so sensitive when the town is referred to as Danzig.  Feelings are not always objective of know history too well.

              

                                                     Fahrenheit House - Gdansk



In one of my earlier posts I wrote about Henry Strassburger – the man of style. Henry is my friend who lives in Australia, in Sydney. His father 

Henryk Leon Strasburger (1887-1951) was a Polish economist, General Commissioner in the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk) and delegate to the League of Nations. He was also a member of the Polish government in exile during World War II. According to the New York Times, he was among the earliest and most outspoken of Poles to recognize the Hitler menace to his country. His warning was clear in his book The Case of Danzig, published some months before the outbreak of World War II.^[1]

As the General Commissioner of the Polish Republic he was responsible for liaison between the Senate and the Polish government of the Free City of Gdansk

 My friend Henry was born in Gdansk at Gralathstrasse.  He asked me once to find out what has happened to the house he was born in and find the street. After some enquiries I found out that the current name of the Gralathstrasse is now Hoene-Wronskiego. This is the street I live at when in Gdansk. Nice synchronicity, I think. The street is not long there are only 12 buildings there. All were build at the beginning of the XX century. The house Henry was born belongs to the Medical Academy and the ornaments on its facade indicate that it was maternity ward of the main Gdansk Hospital. It is the house at the corner of the street and my house is at the corner of the other end of the street.